【通用名】 利巴韦林 【化学名】 1-β-D-呋喃核糖基-1H-1,2,4,-三氮唑-3-羧酰胺 【拼音名】 LIBAWEILIN 【英文名】 RIBAⅥRIN 利巴韦林化学结构式 【标示】CAS编码：36791-04-5 ATC编码：J05AB04 PubChem：5064 DrugBank：APRD00081 【分子式】 C8H12N4O5 【分子量】 244.21 【别名】病毒唑（Bingduzuo) 利巴韦林（Ribavirin），三氮唑核苷（Ribavirin），威乐星，Virazde，RBV。 Ribavirin (brand names: Copegus, Rebetol, Ribasphere, Vilona, and Virazole) is an anti-viral drug indicated for severe RSV infection (individually), hepatitis C infection (used in conjunction with peginterferon alfa-2b or peginterferon alfa-2a), and other viral infections. Ribavirin is a prodrug, which when metabolized resembles purine RNA nucleotides. In this form it interferes with RNA metabolism required for viral replication. How it exactly affects viral replication is unknown; many mechanisms have been proposed for this (see Mechanisms of Action, below) but none of these has been proven to date. Multiple mechanisms may be responsible for its actions.
The primary observed serious adverse side effect of ribavirin is hemolytic anemia, which may worsen preexisting cardiac disease. The mechanism for this effect is due to ribavarin's buildup inside erythrocytes. Oxidative damage to erythrocyte cell membrane is usually inhibited by glutathione; however, with reduced ATP levels caused by ribavirin, glutathione levels are impaired, permitting oxidative erythrocyte cell lysis. The gradual loss of erythrocytes leads to anemia. The anemia is dose-dependent and may sometimes be compensated by decreasing dose. Ribavirin is also a teratogen in some animals species and thus poses a theoretical reproductive risk in humans, remaining a hazard as long as the drug is present, which can be as long as 6 months after a course of the drug has ended.
Systematic (IUPAC) name 1-[(2R,3R,4S,5R)-3,4-dihydroxy-5-(hydroxymethyl)oxolan-2-yl]-1H-1,2,4-triazole-3-carboxamide Clinical data Trade names Virazole AHFS/Drugs.com monograph MedlinePlus a605018 Pregnancy cat. US: X; AU: X Legal status Ethical U.S. pharmaceutical; Not DEA-controlled. Routes Liquid for inhalation; oral capsule and tablet Pharmacokinetic data Bioavailability 45% oral (without food), about 76% with fatty meal Metabolism Metabolized to 5'phosphates, de-riboside, and deriboside carboxylic acid Half-life 12 days - Multiple Dose; 120-170 hours - Single Dose Excretion 10% fecal, remainder in urine (30% unchanged, remainder metabolites) Identifiers CAS number 36791-04-5 Y ATC code J05AB04 PubChem CID 37542 DrugBank DB00811 ChemSpider 34439 Y UNII 49717AWG6K Y KEGG D00423 Y ChEMBL CHEMBL1643 Y NIAID ChemDB 000053 Synonyms 1-(β-D-Ribofuranosyl)-1H-1,2,4-triazole-3-carboxamide
